Teacher Prompt: “How did the establishment and growth of the Hudson’s Bay Company change the lives of some Aboriginal peoples in North America?”
MAY 01, 1756
MILITARY / REBELLIONS
Seven Years' War begins
The Seven Years' War , the first world war, takes place in Europe, India, America and at sea. In North America, Great Britain and France (with the support of native allies) engage in a struggle without thank you for the supremacy. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris , France officially ceded Canada to the British.
This short film recreates the tense hours before the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, and then the battle itself in which both generals, Wolfe and Montcalm, were fatally wounded.
APRIL 18, 1775
MILITARY / REBELLIONS
American Revolutionary War Begins
War broke out between Britain and the thirteen colonies, which declared their independence.
DECEMBER 31, 1775--MILITARY / REBELLIONS
Americans fail in attempt to conquer Canada.The American forces which besiege Quebec launch a desperate attack at night. American General Montgomery is killed while the attack is repelled. The American army suffers heavy casualties. The French did not side with the Americans, and Canada remains British.
European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during the course of the “long 18th century” (1685-1815) as part of a movement referred to by its participants as the Age of Reason, or simply the Enlightenment.
Analyse a variety of key social issues, events, and/or developments during this period, with a particular focus on how they were similar to or different from those in earlier times (e.g., with reference to population growth and urbanization, beginnings of consumer culture, ideas related to the Enlightenment, changes in the roles and status of women, developments in class/caste structures, changes in feudal societies)
The French Revolution of 1789 was the culmination of the High Enlightenment vision of throwing out the old authorities to remake society along rational lines, but it devolved into bloody terror that showed the limits of its own ideas and led, a decade later, to the rise of Napoleon.
Citation Information
https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/enlightenment
Describe a variety of developments in science and/or technology during this period, and analyse their impact (e.g., with reference to the mercury thermometer, the Fahrenheit scale, the pendulum clock, navigational tools such as the sextant and marine chronometer, the spinning jenny, the flying shuttle, improvements to the steam engine; the work of Isaac Newton, James Watt, or Antonie van Leeuwenhoek)
Framing Question: How did science contribute to change during this period?
To analyse some of the causes and consequences of key economic issues, trends, and/or developments in various regions during this period (e.g., the increase in international trade; the exploitation of colonial resources and its consequences for colonies and imperial powers; changes to the traditional economies of colonized peoples; the economic and social impact of the transatlantic and Arab slave trade; changes in agricultural practices and the beginnings of industrialization in Britain)
Framing Question: What criteria would you use to judge the long-term impact of European exploration on indigenous peoples around the world?
Analyse the impact of the slave trade during this period on various societies around the world (e.g., with reference to the Arab slave trade; the impact of the transatlantic slave trade on African societies; the use of slaves in indigenous societies in North, Central, and/or South America; slavery in colonial North America and the American republic; the impact of slave auctions and inherited slave status on families)
Sample questions: “What role did the Jesuits play in the transatlantic slave trade? What social attitudes were reflected in the way the Jesuits treated their slaves?” “What was the impact of slavery in the Americas? In what ways are the effects of the African slave trade still felt today?”
Framing Question: Why did some countries react to the increase in global interactions with isolationist policies?
Analyse the impact of exploration and colonization on colonizers and indigenous peoples during this period (e.g., the economic, social, and environmental impact of the exploitation of colonial resources; the threat of assimilation and loss of traditional culture; economic partnerships; loss of land and/or economic control among colonized people; conversion and loss of traditional religious/spiritual practices; resistance to colonial incursions; war, including civil war; death from new diseases; the impact of racism and discrimination)
Framing Question: How did colonial policies help shape events and developments around the world at this time? How do they continue to play a role in the world today?
Analyse the impact of some significant political, social, and/or economic ideas or doctrines on identity, citizenship, and/or heritage in various regions during this period (e.g., with reference to rationalism, liberalism, the separation of church and state, the social contract, dynastic absolutism, divine right of kings, mercantilism, or isolationism; the ideas of Voltaire, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith,
Framing Question: Why might some groups and individuals challenge the status quo?
MILITARY/REBELLIONS
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
On the night of Sept 12-13, General James Wolfe led his soldiers up an unguarded footpath and set for battle before the fortress walls. Montcalm attacked in the morning but his line broke, and Québec fell into British hands. Both generals perished.
Key Terms: Define and explain
Colonisation, Industrial Revolution, Trade, Globalization
Enlightnement, Absolutism, Victorian Era, Feudalism,
urbanisation
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Photo credit: Leo Reynolds, license Creative Commons
